Series of selected writers, of course, even more attention to my instincts. Reading the history of European literature simply can not avoid the classical 17th-century drama, can not neglect the 18th century Enlightenment and 19th century literature so-called realistic literature, which Moliere, Voltaire, Rousseau, Hugo, Zola , Balzac, Flaubert, Maupassant, Dumas, Dumas and even Sartre, etc., are not immune to hide. So far, only the approval of the six writers into the Panthéon, in addition to specializing in literature are basically Hugo, Zola, Dumas, and Malraux, the multiple identities of who is here for the time being Voltaire and Rousseau can be considered that in its composition, the writer inside.
Degree from the effects of pure works to weigh, is undoubtedly the least controversial Victor - Hugo.
Although all Chinese and foreign languages of Chinese, "World Literature" and "European literature" used the "critical realism" was shocked as the 19th century "literary mainstream." "Critical Realism" of the main features of the capitalist system is said to reveal the inherent contradictions and shortcomings, critical in the context of human indifference and intrigues ... ... then Russian Gogol, Tolstoy, and France's Secretary Tom up, Balzac, Maupassant ... ... and so on, it became the focus interpretation object.
But this time with the Department of Hugo, though he's "Les Miserables" was also listed as "critical realism" in for, but more generally in China as a Romantic literary historians and writers of literary leaders - and In other words, the "critical realism" of this so-called "mainstream" literary section, the Hugo was not a separate chapter.
After all, Victor Hugo, French readers, whether they are what "ism", in short almost all the French people from the heart to respect Hugo. Despite the opposition of Napoleon III, Hugo during his lifetime because, as Voltaire had to, like, rove countries over 19 years. But his death in 1885, the Paris city mast, and then turned out, millions of Americans who volunteered to direct him into the Pantheon.
Zola's "Lu Gong - Makar family," although it was included as Critical Realism, but he been assigned to the leading literary figures of naturalism. Naturalist genre writers are regarded as conservative ideology, and their pursuit of absolute objectivity, respect for the usual technique of writing was simply the natural human multi-criticism, and some even dismissed as "Xiasan Lan." Back to Zola who, his autobiographical novel "Claude's Confession" deliberately exaggerated by physical factors, and there are too many obscene circumstances, even cause the police "anti-pornography group" attention. Zola was forced to resign for this.
1902, Zola died of gas poisoning in the Paris apartment, held memorial service after his death, in 1908 after six years, after the National Assembly has repeatedly considered, Zola's remains were finally reburied fathers words. Although Zola finally catch that great man and buried into the Pantheon, but because his work still has been controversial, his life, he failed to enter the highest temple of French culture - the French Institute.
Malraux is the only contemporary writer, his work "Conqueror", "Royal Road" and "human condition" may not be familiar, but he created in the 20th century, and in the struggle against fascism, with the East, and China are closely related. Malraux died in 1976, 20 years later, in 1996 into the Pantheon, that his lifetime has stated that "I must become the century's greatest writers" is not bragging.
The most controversial of course, Dumas. Chinese people are familiar with the "Three Musketeers", "Count of Monte Cristo" and "Iron Mask", which are Dumas card. Such as the circulation from the works affecting the degree and made into a film after the combined effect of view, Dumas never have qualified. However, do not read the University of Dumas, was in France before his death on their major College of pedantic many complaints about the work of these pedants who despised Dumas did not in fact made a very fine study, only "popular literature" tag will be the second-tier and even third-rate writers classified.
December 5, 1870, 68-year-old Dumas in the countryside near Normandy in northwest France, died, 1872, Dumas's coffin was moved to his native land for burial. 138 years after November 30, 2002, Dumas's remains will be allowed to arrive in his hometown of Paris, welcomed into the Pantheon. French President Jacques Chirac welcomed into the ceremony: Republic of the giant river to the Dumas-like performance as the tribute! Dumas started their work a timeless, worry, fight, brave and elegant picture of the French ... ... Today, Dumas will not be alone, the public good memory and fantasy will always be with him ... ...
It can be buried in the Panthéon, by the National Assembly must be signed by the President of the final order. Alexandre Dumas in the Pantheon matter should be buried, even beyond the heated debate triggered by the National Assembly, the French participation in the discussion of all: Some people think that Dumas is a popular writer, and Pantheon are representative of a statue of the spirit of the great French ; It was also cited privacy Dumas lifetime disorder, a named bastard had three, but he openly and blatantly said Dumas, "is my best work ... ..."
Perhaps the lopsided opinion of President Chirac played a role: "... ... he use a pen to write the history of France, and has marked her, his passion and talent to defend the freedom, equality, fraternity, to defend the Republic, he of culture 'musketeers' ... ... "Finally, the National Assembly finally passed, Dumas became the first 72 of the souls of buried in the Pantheon.
Voltaire and Rousseau are a bit mean, they are 18 years of age difference, is not ordinarily have almost a generation of people. But they two are the same in the 1778 deaths, indeed not for the same age at birth, but to die the same year. Level for ideological and boisterous horse figures, Fu Lu 2 saints today have to share the honor. But as for views on the social reality of the historical vision that, on the means of transforming human society, the old V and the respective old Lu has always advocated that there are a lot of discord.
- In fact, even the "rational" and "civilization" very different interpretation of what relationship? Even if not the same because of origin, different economic conditions, social status, had not the same as what is amazing? Even the ideology of confrontation, lead to ascend to heaven after the endless debate over what is still bad?
Can imagine, Both of these thinkers with the Department temple on the top figure is estimated to God, the face of a worldwide series of right and wrong, they will carry out each side of the argument ... ...
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